|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Crainial Nerve
|
Orgin
|
Terminates
|
Branches
|
These Brances Feed
|
Foramen of Imp.
|
|
Olfactory-I
|
Olfactory Cells in Nasal Mucosa
|
Orbitofrontal Cortex
|
None
|
None
|
Cribiform Plate
|
|
Optic-II
|
Photoreceptors in Retina
|
Occipital Lobe
|
Nasal Retina and Temporal Retina
|
Optic Nerve-Tract
|
Optic Canal
|
|
Oculomotor-III
|
III-Nucleus in cerebral peduncle
|
Muscles of eye-somatic, Muscles of pupil&lens-autonomic
|
Ciliary Ganglion & eye muscles
|
None
|
Superior Orbital Fissure
|
|
Trochlear-IV
|
IV-Nucleus in cerebral peduncle
|
Superior Oblique Muscle
|
None
|
None
|
Superior Orbital Fissure
|
|
Trigeminal-V
|
V-Nucleus in Pons
|
V1-Opthalmic V2-Maxillary, V3-Mandibular
|
V1-Frontal, Lacrimal, Nasociliary.V2-Zygomaticofacial, infraorbital, superior alveolar, pterygoid ganglion V3-buccal, lingual, inferior alveolar, auriculartemporal
|
V1-Forehead, V2-upper jaw, V3-lower jaw
|
Foramen Rotudum-maxillary, Foramen Ovale- mandibular
|
|
Abducens-VI
|
VI-Nucleus in Pons
|
lateral rectus muscle
|
none
|
none
|
Superior Orbital Fissure
|
|
Facial-VII
|
VII-Nucleus in Pons
|
efferent somatic-6 branches, autonomic-nasal nerves & saliva glands,afferent-solitary tract in medulla
|
efferent-temporal,zygomatic,buccal, mandibular, cervical, occipital. Autonomic-grearter petrosal nerve, chorda tympani. Afferent-medulla
|
efferent-those 6 branches Autonomic-nasal nerve Afferent-tongue
|
Exits- stylomastoid foramen, Enters- internal acoustic meatus
|
|
Vestibularcochlear-VIII
|
VIII-Nucleus in Medulla
|
Balance-vestubilar nuclei in medulla Hearing-cochlear nuclei in medulla
|
None
|
None
|
Exits-internal acoustic meatus
|
|
Glossopharyngeal-IX
|
IX-Nucleus in Medulla
|
efferent-parotid gland afferent-nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
|
efferent-lesser petrosal nerve to otic ganglion afferent-none
|
None
|
Jugular foramen-enters and exits
|
|
Crainial Nerve
|
Orgin
|
Terminates
|
Branches
|
These Brances Feed
|
Foramen of Imp.
|
|
Vagus-X
|
X-Nucleus in Vagus
|
efferent-pharygeal constrictor, cricothyroid muscle, larynx muscles, recurrent laryngeal, superior cervical branch, carotid plexus, pulm. Plexus, internal organs afferent-interal organs, meninges
|
Branches going to respective organs
|
None
|
Jugular foramen-enters and exits
|
|
Accessory-XI
|
XI-Nucleus in Medulla
|
efferent-cervical spinal cord, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius
|
None
|
None
|
Rises through foramen magnum
|
|
Hypoglossal-XII
|
XII-Nucleus in Medulla
|
efferent-cervical spinal muscles and many other muscles afferent-meninges
|
None
|
None
|
Hypoglossal Canal
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thursday, March 7, 2013
Cranial Nerve Tables
Nerve Pathways
olfactory CN #1
olfactory cells in nasal mucosa (N38)
olfactory nerves through olfactory foramina of cribriform plate of ethmoid
bone (N7)
olfactory bulb (N113)
olfactory tract (N113)
amygdaloid body of limbic system (N113,106,104)
temporal lobe for interpretation (the only sensory
nerves to go directly to the cortex of the brain)
anterior commissure (N100)
thalamus (N100)
frontal lobe (analysis/ processing)
optic CN #2
photoreceptors in retina of eye (N86)
optic nerve (N82) through the optic canal (N1)
optic chiasm (N101)
optic tracts (N114, 108)
lateral geniculate nucleus (N114, 105) (thalamus)
(relays for autonomic reflexes/higher brain centers)
optic radiation (N114)
occipital cortex along calcarine
sulcus (N114, 100) (interpretation)
oculomotor CN #3
oculomotor nucleus in cerebral peduncle (N111, 109)
oculomotor nerve through the cavernous sinus (N98) then through the
superior orbital fissure (N1, 7, 78)
orbit of eye (N115, 79)
somatic motor effectors
inferior oblique muscle (moves the eye up/lateral)
inferior rectus muscle (moves the eye down)
medial rectus muscle (moves the eye medial)
superior rectus muscle (moves the eye up)
levator palpebrae (moves the upper eyelid)
autonomic motor effectors (parasympathetic)
ciliary ganglion
sphincter muscle of pupil (N83)
(contraction to narrow pupil)
ciliary muscle (N83) (contraction to thicken
lens for near vision)
trochlear CN #4
trochlear nucleus in cerebral peduncle (N111) exiting posterior brainstem just below the inferior colliculus (N109) proceeding around brainstem to the anterior
(N108), then through the cavernous sinus (N98), then through the superior orbital fissure into the orbit (N1, 7, 79)
superior oblique muscle (N115, 79) (moves the eye down and lateral)
trigeminal CN #5
efferent motor nucleus in pons (N111)
trigeminal ganglion (N40)
mandibular nerve (V3) (N40) through foramen ovale (N7)
deep temporal (N41) (temporalis muscle)
masseteric (N41, 48, 49, 65, 116) (masseter muscle)
tensor tympani (N41, 88) (tensor tympani muscle)
mylohyoid (N41) (mylohyoid muscle)
afferent sensory nucleus in pons (N111)
trigeminal ganglion (N116)
ophthalmic (V1) nerve through the cavernous sinus (N98) then
through the superior orbital fissure (N1, 78)
nasociliary (N40)
anterior ethmoidal (N81, 37) (nasal vestibule/nose)
ciliary (N81) (ciliary process of eye) (ciliary nerves
also contain sympathetic fibers from the carotid
plexus to the dilator muscle of pupil (N115)
lacrimal (N81) (does not stimulate tears-see CN #7)
frontal (N40)
supraorbital through supraorbital foramen (N1, 18)
(forehead)
supratrochlear (N18) (forehead)
maxillary (V2) nerve through the cavernous sinus (N98) through
foramen rotundum (N40)
zygomatic (N40)
zygomaticofacial through zygomaticofacial foramen
(N1, 18) (cheek)
pterygopalatine branches (N40)
pterygopalatine ganglion
nasal branches (N38) (nasal pharynx)
palatine nerves (N38) (palate)
superior alveolar branches (N40) (upper jaw & teeth)
infraorbital nerve through infraorbital foramen (N1, 18)
(upper lip)
mandibular (V3) nerve through foramen ovale (N40)
buccal nerve (N41) (buccinator muscle)
lingual nerve (N41) (tongue muscles) (not taste-see CN #7/9)
inferior alveolar (N41) (lower jaw & teeth)
auriculotemporal (N41, 18) (lateral head)
abducens CN #VI
abducens nucleus in pons (N111) exists brainstem between pons and medulla (N108) through the cavernous sinus (N98), then through the superior orbital fissure (N1, 78).
Lateral rectus muscle (N115) (moves eye lateral N79).
facial CN # VII (N117)
efferent
somatic motor (facial nucleus in pons (N111) exit brainstem between pons and medulla lateral to abducens (N108) through internal acoustic meatus (N1, 117) into facial canal of temporal bone (N118)
geniculate ganglion
facial nerve exits temporal bone through stylomastoid foramen (N5)
occipital branch (to occipital muscles)
cervical branch (to platysma muscle)
mandibular branch (to depressor oris labii)
buccal branch (to buccinator muscle)
zygomatic branch (to levator labii muscles)
temporal branch (to oculi and frontalis muscles)
autonomic motor (salivary nucleus in medulla (N111) (parasympathetic)
nervus intermedius along facial nerve through internal acoustic meatus into facial canal of temporal bone (N118)
geniculate ganglion
greater petrosal nerve
pterygopalatine ganglion (N116) joins zygomatic nerve V2
lacrimal glands (tears) (joined by sympathetic fibers from carotid plexus to inhibit tears)
chorda tympani from facial nerve in temporal bone through the tympanic cavity (N118, 89)
submandibular ganglion (N117)
sublingual gland (salivation)
submandibular gland (salivation)
afferent
solitary tract nucleus in medulla (N111)
nervus intermedius along facial nerve through internal acoustic meatus into facial canal of temporal bone (N118)
chorda tympani meets lingual from V3 (N117)
tongue (taste from anterior two thirds) (N129)
vestibulocochlear CN # VIII (N118)
vestibular nucleus in medulla (N11)
vestibulocochlear nerve exits brainstem between pons and medulla just lateral to facial (N108), through internal acoustic meatus into temporal bone (N7)
vestibular ganglion
branches to utricle and saccule (equilibrium) (N90)
cochlear nucleus in medulla (N111)
vestibulocochlear nerve exits brainstem between pons and medulla just lateral to facial (N108), through internal acoustic meatus into temporal bone (N7)
cochlear nerve
spiral ganglia
spiral organs (of Corti) (hearing) (N91)
glossopharyngeal CN # IX (N119)
efferent
somatic motor nucleus in medulla (N111) exits brainstem on posterior side of olive just above the vagus (N108)
glossopharyngeal nerve through jugular foramen (N7)
stylopharyngeus muscle (N119) (aids swallowing)
autonomic motor nucleus in medulla (N111) (parasympathetic)
exits brainstem on posterior side of olive just above the vagus (N108)
glossopharyngeal nerve through jugular foramen (N7)
tympanic nerve through tympanic cavity
lesser petrosal nerve, joined by sympathetic fibers from the carotid plexus (N117)
otic ganglion
joins auriculotemporal nerve V3 (N116)
parotid gland (N119) (salivation)
afferent
solitary tract and trigeminal nucleus in medulla (N111) exits brainstem on posterior side of olive just above the vagus (N108)
glossopharyngeal nerve through jugular foramen (N7)
tympanic nerve (N119) (auditory tube)
pharyngeal plexus (oropharynx)
tongue (N129) (taste & somatic sensation posterior 1/3
carotid sinus & carotid body (blood pressure)
vagus CN # X (N120)
efferent
somatic motor nucleus in medulla
vagus nerve exits brainstem on the posterior side of the olive just below the glossopharyngeal nerve (N108) through the jugular foramen (N7)
at inferior ganglion of the vagus nerve fibers merge with those of the accessory nerve CN #11
pharyngeal plexus (pharyngeal muscles)
superior laryngeal (upper larynx)
recurrent laryngeal (lower larynx)
autonomic dorsal vagal nucleus (N111)
vagus nerve exits brainstem on the posterior side of the olive just below the glossopharyngeal nerve (N108) through the jugular foramen (N7)
pharyngeal plexus (throat)
superior laryngeal (upper larynx)
recurrent laryngeal (trachea and lower larynx)
cervical cardiac branches
cardiac plexus (N214, 215) (heart)
pulmonary plexus (N198, 199) (bronchi)
esophageal plexus (N303, 228) (esophagus)
anterior and posterior vagal trunks (N301, 302) (stomach)
hepatic branch (N301) (liver)
celiac ganglion (N301)
superior mesenteric ganglion (N302)
vagal branches to small intestine (N306)
ascending and transverse colon (N306)
afferent
solitary tract and trigeminal nucleus on medulla (N111)
vagus nerve exits brainstem on the posterior side of the olive just
below the glossopharyngeal nerve (N108) through the jugular
foramen (N7)
auricular branch (outer ear)
pharyngeal plexus (throat)
carotid sinus (communicating with CN# 9) (BP)
superior laryngeal (upper larynx)
recurrent laryngeal (trachea and lower larynx)
cervical cardiac branches
cardiac plexus (N214, 215) (heart)
pulmonary plexus (N198, 199) (bronchi)
esophageal plexus (N303) (esophagus)
anterior and posterior vagal trucks (N301, 302) (stomach)
hepatic branch (N301) (liver)
celiac ganglion (N301)
superior mesenteric ganglion (N302)
vagal branches to small intestine (N306)
ascending and transverse colon (N306)
accessory CN # XI (N121) (somatic motor)
accessory nucleus in medulla(N111)exits brainstem at lower part of medulla (N108)
cranial root (merges with spinal root of accessory)
through the jugular foramen
merges with fibers from vagus via recurrent laryngeal
larynx (muscles of voice)
spinal nucleus of accessory nerve (N111)
rising through vertebral canal, passing through foramen magnum to join with cranial root
through jugular foramen
joins ventral roots of spinal nerves C1 - C4 (N121)
sternocleidomastoid muscle
trapezius muscle
hypoglossal CN # XII (N122) (somatic motor)
hypoglossal nucleus in medulla (N111) exits brainstem on the anterior side of the olive (N108)
through the hypoglossal canal of the occipital bone (N3, 5)
joins vagus at inferior vagal ganglion and fibers from cervical plexus
tongue (intrinsic muscles)
sublingual muscles
throat muscles (aids swallowing)
cervical plexus (N123, 27)
efferent
throat muscles (aids swallowing)
posterior neck muscles (extension of head)
scalene muscles (lifts rib cage)
levator scapulae muscle (elevates shoulder)
phrenic nerve (diaphragm)
afferent
great auricular nerve (N18) (posterior ear)
lesser occipital (N18) (posteriolateral scalp)
greater occipital (C2 dorsal rami) (N18) (back of head & neck)
transverse cervical (N18) (throat)
supraclavicular (N18) (anterior shoulder)
sympathetic pathways to the head
preganglionic fiber
gray matter of thoracic spinal cord
ventral root
thoracic spinal nerves
white rami communicantes
sympathetic trunk
superior cervical sympathetic ganglion-synapse with
postganglionic fiber
external carotid plexus (N127)
along lingual artery
sublingual gland (salivation)
submandibular gland (salivation)
along maxillary artery
nasal and palatine nerves (nasal cavity)
parotid gland (N128) (salivation)
internal carotid plexus (N117)
greater petrosal nerve
pterygopalatine ganglion
zygomatic nerve
lacrimal gland (N127) (inhibit tears)
sympathetic root
ciliary ganglion
dilator muscle (N115)
nasociliary nerve
dilator muscle (N115)
voluntary skeletal muscle movement
precentral gyrus of frontal lobe of cerebrum (N99)
basal ganglia (N104) (inhibition control)
cerebral peduncle (N109, 107) (communicates with cerebellum for coordination of different muscles and groups)
medulla oblongata (N109) (fibers cross over)
white matter of spinal cord (N151) (corticospinal tract)
interneurons synapse in gray matter (communicate with other neuron pathways)
ventral root of spinal nerve
dorsal ramus (N166, 179) (back muscles)
ventral ramus (lateral and anterior trunk muscles)
brachial plexus (arm)
lumbosacral plexus (leg) (see below)
brachial plexus (N401)
ventral rami of C5 -T1
lateral cord
musculocutaneous nerve (N443) (anterior arm muscles/lateral forearm skin)
lateral & medial cords
median nerve (N444) (digital flexors/palmar skin)
posterior cord (follows axillary artery)
axillary nerve (N450) (follows posterior circumflex humeral artery) (upper arm skin)
radial nerve (N446, 447) (posterior arm muscles/digit extensors/posterior arm & forearm skin/dorsal hand)
medial cord
ulnar nerve (N445) (digital flexors/medial hand)
medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (N450) (medial forearm skin)
lumbosacral plexus (N463)
T12 subcostal nerve (lower lateral abdominal wall)
L1 iliohypogastric nerve (N250) (lower belly)
ilioinguinal nerve (N250) (pubic/inguinal area, scrotum) (N385, 380)
L1L2L3 lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
behind inguinal ligament (N502, 463)
lateral thigh skin (N380, 244)
L1L2 genitofemoral nerve (N463)
genital branch (N380) (external genitalia)
femoral branch (N380) (upper thigh skin)
L2L3L4 femoral nerve (N463) (behind inguinal ligament) (anterior and lateral
thigh muscles (N466) (anterior thigh skin (N502)
saphenous nerve (N467) (medial leg skin N502, 463, 404, 465)
L2L3L4 obturator nerve (N463, 464, 465)
through obturator foramen
adductor muscles of leg (N503)
skin of lower medial thigh
sciatic nerve (N463) (flexor muscles of thigh N504)
common peroneal L4L5S1S2
lateral leg muscles/skin, dorsum of foot (N506)
tibial L4L5S1S2S3
posterior leg muscles/skin, plantar surface of foot (N505)
L4L5S1S2 gluteal branches
gluteal muscles (N465, 469)
S1S2S3 posterior femoral cutaneous (N463)
posterior thigh skin (N504)
S2S3S4 pudendal
perineum (N381, 382, 384)
abdominal/pelvic autonomic nerves
sympathetic preganglionic fibers
gray matter of spinal cord
ventral root of spinal nerve
white rami communicantes
sympathetic trunk
greater thoracic splanchnic nerves (N322)
celiac ganglion
postganglionic fibers to
stomach (N303)
postganglionic fibers to
liver (N309)
postganglionic fibers to
pancreas (N310)
postganglionic fibers to
adrenal blood vessels
(N326)
preganglionic fibers directly to
adrenal medulla (N326)
superior mesenteric ganglion
pancreas (N310)
small intestine, ascending &
transverse colon (N306)
lesser thoracic splanchnic nerves (N322)
superior mesenteric ganglion
pancreas (N310)
small intestine, ascending &
transverse colon (N306)
aorticorenal ganglion
postganglionic fibers to
kidney (N323)
least thoracic splanchnic nerves (N322)
aorticorenal ganglion
postganglionic fibers to
kidney (N323)
lumbar splanchnic nerves
inferior mesenteric ganglion
descending colon (N306)
sigmoid colon
rectum
superior hypogastric plexus (N305)
hypogastric nerves
inferior hypogastric
plexus
sacral splanchnic nerves
inferior hypogastric plexus (N300)
rectum, bladder, uterus
(N381)
parasympathetic preganglionic fibers
hypothalamus (N306)
vagus nerve (see CN # X)
spinal cord
S2S3S4 ventral spinal roots
sacral plexus
pelvic splanchnic nerves
inferior hypogastric plexus (N306,
387, 388)
descending colon
(peristalsis)
sigmoid colon (peristalsis)
rectum (N306) (defecation)
urinary bladder (N387, 388)
(urination)
reproductive organs (N387,
388)
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